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In a world grappling with increasingly urgent challenges – from population growth to environmental crises, and global food insecurity – livestock farming remains one of the cornerstones of European agriculture. It is not only a source of food: it is a guardian of the land, an economic engine, a keeper of traditions, and a strategic ally in the ecological transition. A sector that, today more than ever, deserves vision, support, and recognition.

Food security and a growing demand

Can the future of global nutrition truly do without animal proteins? These are essential in a balanced diet: they support growth, cell regeneration, energy metabolism, and the immune system. They are also fundamental for strong bones and muscles, good fertility, and proper brain function. Although plant-based proteins are often considered an alternative, they have some significant deficiencies: they lack several essential amino acids, and the iron they contain is much less bioavailable – the body absorbs only 4–5%, compared to about 20% of the iron present in meat. Moreover, they do not offer a credible alternative in the face of a global population expected to reach 9.7 billion people by 2050.

In this context, livestock farming plays a strategic role not only in production, but also in terms of environmental and economic aspects. It transforms inedible resources, such as agricultural by-products and marginal lands, into nutritious food, reducing waste and promoting efficient land use from a circular perspective. A diet that includes animal proteins thus contributes not only to individual well-being but also to public health.

Far from being an obstacle to sustainability, livestock farming is a key resource for food security, landscape protection, and the vitality of rural areas. With global demand for animal proteins growing strongly, the sector must be supported in innovation and the ecological transition, not abandoned.

An economic pillar

The European livestock sector generates over 207 billion euros in production value and provides approximately 4 million jobs, underscoring its significance to the economy and regional resilience.

Livestock farming also strengthens Europe’s strategic autonomy, reducing dependence on food imports and contributing to the security of supply chains.

Sustainability passes through circular agriculture

Contrary to common belief, livestock farming, when managed responsibly, can make a significant contribution to environmental sustainability. It enhances soil fertility through the use of natural fertilizers, increases carbon sequestration in well-maintained pastures, and promotes biodiversity. Grazing systems also play a crucial role in sustainable land management, helping prevent natural disasters such as fires and floods.

The methane produced by ruminants, often at the centre of the climate debate, belongs to a short-term biogenic cycle, clearly distinct from fossil-based emissions. Moreover, when integrated into circular agricultural models, the livestock sector recycles nutrients, generates renewable energy, and contributes to ecosystem health.

Weakening this sector would mean putting at risk a fundamental engine of innovation, social cohesion, and environmental protection. EU policies must therefore harmonize food, energy, and environmental goals in a holistic approach.

Fair competition is needed

European livestock farmers are among the world leaders in environmental standards and animal welfare, but they often face unfair competition from imports and the emerging market of synthetic or lab-grown alternatives. These substitutes, in fact, often escape strict controls and lack transparency regarding their real environmental and social impacts.

To ensure a fair and sustainable food system, it is essential to guarantee clear labeling, fair trade rules, and investments in rural infrastructure to protect agricultural livelihoods and the integrity of the food system.

The way forward: innovation and collaboration

Despite the challenges, from market pressures to climate uncertainty, the European livestock sector shows resilience and adaptability. Its progress depends on cooperation, technological innovation, and balanced regulation that supports those working in the field. Coordination at the EU level, for example through a dedicated task force, could better align policies with the needs of farmers, offering concrete tools for ecological and economic transition.

In this context, innovation in alternative proteins also plays a crucial role and should be supported. However, for now, it does not represent an autonomous or scalable alternative. For this reason, livestock farming remains central to a sustainable and safe agri-food system.

Indeed, livestock farming is not just a productive activity: it is an integral part of Europe’s cultural, environmental, and nutritional heritage. A value that deserves a forward-looking strategy, capable of recognizing its multifunctionality and supporting its future.